Central Scotia Seafloor and the Drake Passage Deep Ocean Current Gateway
Katie Pena
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Researcher - Lawver
Researcher - Ian Dalzeil
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The Live from IPY event on 22 May, 2008, with Katie and the researcher team aboard N.B. Palmer is archived. To view the archive click here and select the archive called, "Drake Passage Opening with Katie Pena."


Katie Peña currently teaches at Zilker Elementary School in Austin, Texas. This is her 4th year of teaching at the school where she has taught both the 4th and 5th grades. A graduate from the University of Texas at Austin, with a Bachelor in Science in Applied Learning and Development, Katie has always known she wanted to be a teacher. As far back as 3rd grade in Coppell, Texas, her teacher, Mrs. Howard, whose picture she still has, inspired her by changing her attitude about school and challenging her to have fun while learning. Mrs. Howard had changed Katie’s life, and she knew that she wanted to do the same for other children. Since becoming a teacher, Katie has continued her quest to help every child find joy in learning. Her daily goals for teaching are very simple, teach to each child and have a blast while doing it.
Lawrence Lawver is a Senior Research Scientist at the Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas in Austin. Lawrence’s scientific expertise focuses on marine geophysics, plate tectonics, and seismic studies. He has a particular interest in the paleogeographic reconstruction of underwater landmasses, particularly in the Polar Regions where the impact of plate tectonics and the evolution of landmasses is not well known. His research has taken him too the Polar Regions, East Asia, and the Western Pacific. Lawrence has hosted teachers on his field expeditions in the past. In 2006, Steve Stevenoski accompanied Lawrence on expedition to the Arctic aboard the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy. For more information about Lawrence’s work, click here.
Ian W.D. Dalziel is a Senior Research Scientist at the Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas in Austin. Ian has dedicated most of his career to understanding global tectonic processes and to mapping out the geography of ancient times on a dynamic Earth. His 35 years of field experience have been devoted to work in the British Caledonides, the Canadian Shield, the Andes, and Antarctica. Recently, working with colleagues from the U.K. and Australia, Ian has turned his attention to unraveling the complicated tectonic history of Scotland, his homeland. Ian was president of the International Division of Geological Society of America from 1996 to 1997, has served as delegate to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research of International Union of Geological Sciences since 1987, and has served as the International Secretary of the American Geophysical Union since 1996. For more information about Ian and his work, click here.


This project studies the opening of the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica through a combined marine geophysical survey and geochemical study of dredged ocean floor basalts. Dating the passage's opening is key to understanding the formation of the circum-Antarctic current, which plays a major role in worldwide ocean circulation, and whose formation is connected with growth of the Antarctic ice sheet. The samples that were collected will be used in various geochemical studies to determine their age and constrain mantle flow beneath the region.
The research team included graduate students, as well as undergraduate students, and a K-12 teacher. The cruise also involved international collaboration with the United Kingdom and is part of International Polar Year project, Plates and Gates, which aims to reconstruct the geologic history of polar ocean basins and gateways for computer simulations of climate change. Click here to learn more about the international work.


The team traveled to and from Punta Arenas, Chile, where they boarded the research icebreaker Nathanial B. Palmer. From Punta Arenas, Chile, they traveled to the opening of the Drake Passage, between South America and Antarctica and into the Southern Ocean. Click here to learn more about icebreaker.
A special thanks to Sarah Anderson and Lollie Garay for use of their photos on this project page.

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Basalt:
Basalt is a common volcanic rock. It is usually gray to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet.
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Circum-Antarctic Current:
The surface oceanic current encircling Antarctica that flows from west to east.
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Drake Passage:
Strait, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans between Tierra del Fuego and the South Shetland Islands. Located about 100 mi (160 km) north of the Antarctic Peninsula, it is 600 mi (1,000 km) wide.
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Geochemistry (geochemical):
The field of geochemistry involves study of the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, chemical processes and reactions that govern the composition of rocks and soils, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earth's chemical components in time and space, and their interaction with the hydrosphere and the atmosphere.
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Icebreaker:
An icebreaker is a special purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters.







